最高温49℃！光伏发电发财了？谣言！

今年5月以来，印度遭遇史无前例的热浪，多地气温超过45℃。首都新德里一度录得52.9℃的极端高温。虽然后来证实是虚惊一场，数据比实际气温高出3℃，但接近50℃的气温足以致命。同时，印度东部比哈尔邦已有14人因高温死亡。

从亚洲的新德里，到非洲的巴马科，再到美洲的墨西哥城、拉斯维加斯，许多城市都炎热难耐。

极度炎热的天气，难以克服的不仅仅是烈日炎炎，高温影响下的电力供应也十分紧张。然而有人不禁疑惑，高温不正是光伏发电的好时机吗？光伏电站岂不是赚大钱了？

对不起，这次不但真的很热，你也真的很“天真”。

炎热晴天是光伏发电的好时机吗？

光伏发电的原理，本质上是利用光照射半导体产生的光生伏特效应，将光能转化为电能。基于此，很多人普遍认为，日照强的炎热天气更有利于光伏设备发电，炎热天气阳光越充足，发的电越多。

但温度高并不意味着光能就多。

甚至太阳能电池板的功率也会随着温度的升高而下降，也就是说温度越高，光伏组件的输出功率就越低。

实际上，光伏电站最佳发电温度为23℃~24℃，当温度为20℃时，组件的正常工作温度在45℃左右；在极端高温条件下，组件温度可高达85℃，内部电池的工作温度可能更高。

具体来说，太阳能电池板一般有三个温度系数，开路电压、峰值功率和短路电流。以峰值功率为例，温度每上升1℃，发电量约下降0.36%。

此外，在高温下，开路电压也会大幅下降，影响组件性能。有研究表明，温度在20℃左右时组件的输出功率要高于70℃时。因此，即使光照条件一般，低温地区的发电量可能要远高于光照强但温​​度较高的地区。

As one of the main components of photovoltaic power generation, the working environment temperature of the photovoltaic inverter is relatively high, so the inverter is generally installed at a high place with shade and ventilation, and the solar inverter installed outdoors will be equipped with a sunshade cover, and the inverter must be kept ventilated.

Similarly, the components in the photovoltaic inverter also have a rated operating temperature. If the ambient temperature is too high, the temperature of the inverter will rise quickly when it is running at full power. When the operating temperature of the photovoltaic inverter exceeds the threshold, the output power will be limited, and even over-temperature standby protection will be triggered, which will accelerate the aging of the inverter components, affect the life of the photovoltaic power station, and increase the operation safety risk of the power station.

Simply put, high temperatures will significantly reduce the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels. If it is too hot, photovoltaic equipment cannot stand it.

High temperature can easily cause photovoltaic "heat stroke"

In addition, under high temperature, photovoltaic equipment will also produce hot spot effect and PID effect and other effects.

The hot spot effect refers to the fact that some components in the series branch are "shielded" for some reasons. Not only can they not generate electricity, but they will also be used as loads to consume the energy generated by other branches. Once a hot day occurs, the local temperature will be aggravated, strengthening the hot spot effect, directly leading to the aging and damage of the component panels.

As a "big board" exposed to the outdoors, it is inevitable that it will be contaminated, such as bird droppings, dust, etc. In normal times, bird droppings will cause a small resistance. Once high temperature occurs, it will aggravate the impact it brings, and it is very easy to burn out the components.

Like some rooftop distributed photovoltaics, hot spots cause local temperatures to rise rapidly, which can easily cause fire accidents. In recent years, fire accidents caused by hot spots have occurred from time to time. Timely maintenance and cleaning can largely avoid danger.

In addition, the PID effect (potential induced decay) will also be aggravated with high temperature and humid environment.

由于高温往往伴随着潮湿，以东南沿海城市为例，夏季正值梅雨季节，大量的雨水伴随着高温，使得整个空气环境如同蒸笼一般，此时空气中大量的水汽就会通过封边硅胶或者背板进入组件内部，导致组件内部大量的电荷堆积在电芯表面，造成严重的性能下降。

高温条件下光伏电站运行维护指南

1.清洁光伏组件是关键

由于光伏设备在高温下会产生热斑效应，高温下灰尘、鸟粪等污物更容易附着在组件表面，不仅影响受光效果，还容易引发火灾。因此需要增加清洁频率，使用软刷和清水清洗，尽量保证组件表面光滑如新。

2. 保持设备通风很重要

光伏组件、逆变器、配电箱等处必须通风，保证空气流通。

电站设备容易发热，影响运行寿命和发电效率。在初始设计时，应避免组件间相互遮挡，影响散热通风；在炎热天气下，应定期检查散热设备，保证其正常运行，一旦发现故障，应及时维修或更换；在运行维护中，应及时清除影响散热的杂草和障碍物。

3.逆变器等设备的遮光不容忽视

光伏设备中的逆变器工作环境温度较高，所以尽量选择安装在阴凉的地方，避免阳光直射；如果实在没有遮荫处安装，建议搭建小棚。

4. 定期检查至关重要

夏季强风、雷雨天气多，容易造成固定结构损坏或松动。

通过巡检可以实时了解电厂运行状况，关注发电量、部件温度等数据，及时调整运行策略，优化电厂性能。